Which regulatory document is focused on defense articles and technical data exports?

The International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) is the regulatory document specifically designated for the control of defense articles and technical data exports. ITAR governs the export and import of defense-related materials and services on the United States Munitions List (USML). This regulation ensures that defense items do not end up in the hands of foreign entities that could pose a risk to U.S. national security or foreign policy interests.

ITAR includes comprehensive guidelines for what constitutes defense articles and services, and it mandates registration for entities involved in manufacturing, exporting, or brokering these items. This regulatory framework is vital for maintaining U.S. military advantage and ensuring responsible management of sensitive technologies.

In contrast, the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) focus on dual-use items that have both commercial and military applications, while the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) pertains to public access to federal agency records, and the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) establishes the budget and expenditures for defense operations but does not specifically regulate exports of defense articles or technical data.