Which regulations govern the export of goods that are not considered defense articles?

The Export Administration Regulations (EAR) are the correct answer because they specifically govern the export of commercial and dual-use goods and technologies that are not classified as defense articles. The EAR is administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) within the Department of Commerce, and it sets forth the rules and procedures for exporting items that have both civilian and military applications, as well as purely civilian items.

This regulation focuses on ensuring that exports do not harm national security or economic interests while facilitating trade in goods and technologies deemed to be less sensitive than those covered under defense-specific regulations. In contrast, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) governs defense articles and services, while the Arms Export Control Act (AECA) is the overarching legislation that encompasses ITAR. The Foreign Military Sales Regulations (FMSR) specifically address the process for sales of military equipment to foreign governments and do not regulate non-defense-related goods. Thus, the EAR is uniquely positioned to manage exports outside the defense category.