Which act provides the overarching policy for international programs involving defense articles and technical data?

The Arms Export Control Act (AECA) serves as the primary legislation that establishes the policy framework for international programs concerning defense articles and technical data. Enacted in 1976, the AECA governs the export and import of defense items and services, ensuring that the transfer of military equipment and technology aligns with U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives. This act essentially sets the rules and regulations by which defense-related exports are overseen, distinguishing it as the foundational policy for managing the international trade of arms.

In contrast, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) is a set of regulations derived from the AECA which provides specific guidelines for the implementation of these policies, including the control of specific items and services. While ITAR contributes significantly to the management and enforcement of the AECA, it operates under its authority rather than serving as the overarching policy itself.

The National Security Act primarily addresses the organization and function of the U.S. national security establishment, including the establishment of the Department of Defense and the National Security Council. While it plays an important role in broader security strategy, it does not deal specifically with the export of defense articles.

The Defense Authorization Act refers to legislation that outlines the budgetary allocations and policies for the Department of Defense