What provides the fundamental policy governing the disclosure of US Critical Military Information (CMI) to foreign entities?

The National Security Decision Memorandum (NSDM) 119 is the correct answer because it specifically establishes the foundational policy regarding the disclosure of US Critical Military Information (CMI) to foreign entities. This memorandum outlines the framework and guidelines that govern how sensitive military information can be shared with allies and foreign partners, ensuring that national security is maintained while allowing necessary cooperation with other nations.

The significance of NSDM 119 lies in its focus on safeguarding critical military capabilities and intelligence, while facilitating international collaboration necessary for defense and security partnerships. By strictly controlling the dissemination of CMI, the memorandum helps prevent unauthorized access to information that could potentially jeopardize US military operations or strategies.

In contrast, the other options serve different purposes in the realm of US defense and foreign relations. The National Defense Authorization Act primarily focuses on funding and budgetary provisions for defense operations, rather than specific disclosure policies. The Foreign Military Sales Act regulates the sale of defense articles and services to foreign governments but does not encompass the broader policy governing information disclosure. Similarly, the Export Administration Act deals with the export control of dual-use items, which are civilian goods that can also be used for military applications, but does not specifically address the disclosure of CMI.