What is the primary NATO organization responsible for defense research and development?

The Conference of National Armaments Directors (CNAD) is the primary NATO organization responsible for defense research and development because it serves as a platform for national armaments directors from NATO member countries to discuss and coordinate efforts in defense capabilities, including technology development and procurement strategies. CNAD facilitates collaboration among member nations to enhance interoperability and streamline defense acquisition processes, thereby optimizing research and development efforts across different countries.

This body focuses on establishing common standards and technical interoperability, which is essential for effective multinational military operations. By gathering representatives from each member country, the CNAD plays a fundamental role in ensuring that the collective defense needs of NATO are met through joint initiatives, including research and development projects aimed at improving defense technologies. The other options, while integral to NATO's structure, do not primarily focus on defense research and development in the same capacity as the CNAD.