Most International programs involving the disclosure or export of defense articles and related technical data are governed by which act?

The Arms Export Control Act (AECA) is the primary legislation governing the disclosure and export of defense articles and related technical data. Enacted in 1976, the AECA establishes the framework for the U.S. government's control over arms exports and the sharing of defense-related information. Under this act, the Secretary of State is responsible for licensing the export of defense articles and services, which includes not just physical items but also critical technical data related to those items.

The AECA ensures that such exports are consistent with U.S. foreign policy and national security interests. It sets forth regulations and requirements for U.S. companies and organizations that wish to engage in international defense transactions, thereby providing a clear legal structure for the responsible management of defense-related information and material.

The other options, while related to national security and defense policy, do not focus specifically on the export and disclosure of defense articles and technical data. The National Defense Authorization Act establishes annual defense budgets and policies; the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act primarily concerns the surveillance of foreign intelligence activities; and the International Defense Acquisition Act deals with the acquisition of defense services and materials in international partnerships rather than the export control specifically governed by the AECA.